结 语
在一个传播的数字化时代,在一个所谓的Web2.0时代,在一个“用户生产内容”和受众主导的时代,受众的积极性、主导型和互动性的特性不容违背和忽视。托夫勒在其经典的未来学著作《第三次浪潮》中提到,分众化、个性化和碎片化是将来社会发展的基本趋势,传播领域同样如此。任何传播企图达到预订的目标和效果,必须尊重消费者的能动性和主体性,而不是强制传播、恶性开发。从传播学的对于受众的研究来看,从“魔弹论”到“使用与满足”理论,受众的信息接受的主导型越来越强。有学者认为,受众在传播过程和传播活动中的角色是四个方面的结合体:传播活动的参与者、传播符号的译码者、信息产品的消费者和传播效果的反馈者,(张金海,姚曦,2006:208-209)可见在传播活动中任何的强制性传播都将受到受众的排斥、冷漠和抗拒。
美国学者马克•波斯特在对互联网时代的人类传播现状进行考察后提出,我们已经进入了“第二媒介时代”,如果说传统的大众传播媒介时代为“第一媒介时代”,传播模式是为数不多的制作者将信息传给为数甚多的消费者,那么在“第二媒介时代”,随着信息技术的发展,信息高速公路的介入以及卫星技术与电话、电脑和电视的结合,一种双向的去中心化的交流模式产生。“第二媒介时代”的也标志着人类从大众传媒时代的单向、强迫性开始进入了以互动、个人自主性交流为主的互联网时代。在一个受众本位、数字化传播时代,强制性传播是否有它灿烂的明天?(马克•波斯特,2000:78)而2008年中央电视台3.15晚会曝光的分众传媒的“短信门”事件是对分众传媒的发展将来的一个巨大警示。2009年初,新浪收购分众传媒消息公布的时候,两只股票双双暴跌,市场的不信任感日益增强。分众传媒被复星集团和新浪公司收购,本质上是由于分众传媒在财务上和发展前景被投资方质疑而导致的结果。风险资本掀起的商业泡沫正在全球经济危机的无情冲击下迅速破碎,所谓的分众类广告媒体的强制性传播正在遭受市场的无情拷问。
回归受者本位,尊重受者的选择权、互动性和拒绝权,是包括分众传媒在内的所有分众类传媒发展的必须面对的选择和解决的问题。但其传播生态和传播模式又使这种对于社会受众的选择权、互动权与拒绝权的尊重成为不可实现,美国PRN公司的命运注定是中国分众类广告传媒公司的不可逃避的结果。
Critical Thinking on the Development of the Advertising Demassificational Media: An Audience-oriented Research
QIAN Guang-gui
(School of Humanity and Law,HuaZhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,430070,China)
Abstract: With the falling of the “Demassificational Communication Age”, the status of the receivers is enhanced in the communication process ,in this paper the author describes the evolution of communication from mass communication to demassificational communication, analyzes the activities of mass communication, especially, the basic characteristics and paradigms that advertising communication should have. Under this environment, those vigorous developed companies which sloganed with “demassificational communication” are essentially capital bubbles. After critical researches about the mode of communication and operation those companies are operating, the author puts forward a “recipients-oriented” idea. “Focus media company” and companies of the same kind, is running counter to the trend of basic communication, leads to a huge negative externalities and harmed the rights & interests of the audience. meanwhile, which worsens the whole advertising communication environment and malignantly develops the public attention. Respect for the audience` dominant position should be the basic premise, if such companies want to make a further development.
Key words: Demassificational Communication;Demassificational Media;Audience-oriented
[作者简介] 钱广贵,男,华中农业大学文法学院广告系讲师,武汉大学媒体发展研究中心媒介经营与管理专业博士生,主要从事广告传播、传媒经营管理研究。
——原载《中国传媒报告》(China Media Report)2009年第3期
[注释] [1]资料来源:北京人民广播电台网站,http://www.bjradio.com.cn/dtjs/. [2]美国网民数据来源:www.internetworldstats.com. [3]资料来源:媒体圈、生活圈——价值中国专访分众传媒CEO江南春.价值中国网,http://www.chinavalue.net/pvisit/jiangnanchun.aspx. [4]资料来源:分众传媒网站,http://www.focusmedia.cn/cn/aboutus/milestones.htm. [5]资料来源:分众传媒网站,http://www.focusmedia.cn/cn/news/FM-prefessional.htm. [6]数据来源:分众传媒网站,http://www.focusmedia.cn/cn/news/press%20release(08.03.19).htm. [7]观点引自:分众传媒公司网站,http://www.focusmedia.cn/cn/news/FM-prefessional.htm.
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